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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">unoj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Успехи наук о животных</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ernst Journal of Animal Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-493Х</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25687/3034-493X.2025.2.1.004</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">unoj-12</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие технологии лапароскопического извлечения ооцитов у овец</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of laparoscopic oocyte technology in sheep</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луканина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukanina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чинаров</surname><given-names>Р. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chinaro</surname><given-names>R. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Луканина В.А., Чинаров Р.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Луканина В.А., Чинаров Р.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lukanina V.A., Chinaro R.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/12">https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/12</self-uri><abstract><p>Получение эмбрионов in vitro (IVP-эмбрионы) путем использования ооцитов, полученных с помощью УЗИ-ассистированной пункции фолликулов, является широко применяемой практикой в современной системе генетического совершенствования крупного рогатого скота. За последние 10 лет число IVP-эмбрионов значительно выросло, превысив 1521,0 тыс. штук в 2021 году. Доля IVP- эмбрионов в общем объеме производства увеличилась с 39,5% до 79,7% в 2021 году. Это демонстрирует превосходство IVP перед традиционным методом MOET для крупного рогатого скота. Технология MOET была внедрена в практику овцеводства более двух десятилетий назад. Однако, высокие индивидуальные различия между донорами в реакции на суперовуляцию и вариабельность в эффективности методов получения и трансплантации эмбрионов (от 22% до 80%) стали ограничивающими факторами для широкого применения данной технологии.</p><p>В 1990-х годах были оптимизированы этапы технологии получения IVP-эмбрионов у овец, которые до сих пор успешно применяются с незначительными изменениями. Результативность этого процесса оценивается примерно на одном уровне в большинстве исследований: созревание эмбрионов от профазы I до метафазы II составляет 70-90%, оплодотворение и первое деление – дробление – от 50 до 80%, выход бластоцист – от 20 до 50%. Однако основным ограничением для широкого практического применения этой технологии является использование яйцеклеток из яичников, извлекаемых после смерти животного.</p><p>Лапароскопический метод извлечения яйцеклеток у овец считается одним из наиболее малоинвазивных в биотехнологии репродукции животных. Этот метод позволяет проводить операцию у живого донора быстро, эффективно и без осложнений, минимизируя травматичность процедуры. Благодаря лапароскопии можно извлекать яйцеклетки высокого качества, годные для последующего созревания и оплодотворения in vitro. Однако есть недостатки в использовании этого метода у овец, такие как непостоянная эффективность, недостаточная повторяемость результатов и различные варианты методики с разной эффективностью.</p><p>В обзоре мы проанализировали статистические показатели и технологические особенности методики с целью выявления основных направлений ее улучшения и выбора оптимальной стратегии для развития данной технологии в России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Obtaining in vitro embryos (IVP-embryos) by using oocytes obtained by ultrasound-assisted follicle puncture is a widely used practice in the current bovine genetic improvement system. The number of IVP- embryos has increased significantly over the past 10 years, exceeding 1521.0 thousand in 2021. The share of IVP embryos in total production has increased from 39.5% to 79.7% in 2021. This demonstrates the superiority of IVP over the traditional MOET method for cattle. MOET technology was introduced into sheep production practices more than two decades ago. However, high individual differences between donors in superovulation response and variability in the efficiency of embryo retrieval and transplantation methods (22% to 80%) have been limiting factors for widespread use of this technology. In the 1990s, techniques for obtaining IVP embryos from ewes were optimized and are still being used successfully with minor modifications. The efficiency of this process is estimated at approximately the same level in most studies: embryo maturation from prophase I to metaphase II is 70-90%, fertilization and first division - fragmentation - from 50 to 80%, blastocyst yield - from 20 to 50%. However, the main limitation for the wide practical application of this technology is the use of oocytes from ovaries extracted after the death of the animal. Laparoscopic oocyte retrieval in sheep is considered to be one of the most minimally invasive methods in animal reproductive biotechnology. This method allows the operation to be performed on a live donor quickly and efficiently, minimizing the trauma of the procedure and preserving the excellent condition of the animals. Thanks to laparoscopy, it is possible to extract high quality eggs suitable for subsequent maturation and fertilization in vitro. However, there are disadvantages to using this method in sheep, such as inconsistent efficacy, lack of repeatability of results and different variants of the technique with varying efficacy. In this review, we analyzed the statistical and technological features of the technique in order to identify the main directions of its improvement and to choose the optimal strategy for the development of this technology in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прижизненное получение ооцитов</kwd><kwd>LOPU</kwd><kwd>овцы</kwd><kwd>эмбрионы</kwd><kwd>лапароскопия</kwd><kwd>IVP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vital oocyte retrieval</kwd><kwd>LOPU</kwd><kwd>ewes</kwd><kwd>embryos</kwd><kwd>laparoscopy</kwd><kwd>IVP</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joao H. M. V. A new milestone has been reached: transfers of IVP embryos were over one million worldwide // Embryo Technology Newsletter. 2022. № 40 (4). P. 22-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joao H. M. V. 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