unojУспехи наук о животныхErnst Journal of Animal Science3034-493ХФедеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста10.25687/3034-493X.2025.2.1.005unoj-13Research ArticleСтатьиРоль факторов липидного питания в процессе метаногенеза у жвачныхThe role of lipid nutrition on the methanogenesis in ruminantsБоголюбоваН. В.BogolyubovaN. V.

Московская обл.

Moscow Region

НекрасовР. В.NekrasovR. V.

Московская обл.

Moscow Region

ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation202529072025017687Copyright © Боголюбова Н.В., Некрасов Р.В., 20252025Боголюбова Н.В., Некрасов Р.В.Bogolyubova N.V., Nekrasov R.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/13

Изучение процесса метаногенеза в организме жвачных и возможность его регуляции связано не только с экологическим фактором воздействия на окружающую среду парниковых газов, но и преследует цели сокращения энергозатрат организма на образование метана. Предлагаются к использованию множество способов воздействия на процесс метаногенеза, связанных алиментарными и генетическими факторами. Актуальными являются стратегии алиментарного с характера, исключающие отрицательное воздействие на поедаемость кормов, процессы пищеварения, переваримость питательных веществ кормов. Целью настоящего обзора является обобщение современных данных о влиянии факторов липидного питания на образование метана у жвачных. В отличии от химических соединений, жиры имеют естественное происхождение, являются источником энергии и влияют на жирнокислотный профиль мяса и молока, способствуют усилению вкусовых качеств корма, что делает их включение в рацион животных не только безопасным, но и эффективным способом воздействия на образование метана. Воздействие жиров на метаногенез происходит посредством различных механизмов, включающих влияние на археи и простейших рубца, снижение переваримости кормов рационов и конкуренцию за водород для гидрогенизации. На метанообразование влияет степень насыщенности, длины цепи кислоты, дозировка включения в рацион, продолжительность скармливания, состав и качество основного рациона. Перспективным направлением является использование жира насекомых в рационах жвачных животных с целью воздействия на метаногенез. Несмотря на изученность вопроса использования жиров в питании жвачных с целью снижения метаногенеза, малоизученными остаются роль липидов на процесс метанообразования при различном составе рационов, информация о влиянии некоторых жиров в экспериментах in vivo, необходимость более глубокого изучения механизмов воздействия стратегий на продуктивность, здоровье животных

The study of the process of methanogenesis in the body of ruminants and the possibility of its regulation is associated not only with the environmental factor of the impact of greenhouse gases on the environment, but also pursues the goal of reducing the energy consumption of the body for the formation of methane. Many methods of influencing the process of methanogenesis related to nutritional and genetic factors are proposed for use. Nutritional strategies that exclude negative effects on feed intake, digestion processes, and digestibility of feed nutrients are relevant. The purpose of this review is to summarize current data on the influence of lipid nutrition factors on methane formation in ruminants. Unlike chemical compounds, fats are of natural origin, are a source of energy and affect the fatty acid profile of meat and milk, enhance the palatability of feed, which makes their inclusion in the diet of animals not only safe, but also an effective way to influence the formation of methane. The effects of fat on methanogenesis occur through a variety of mechanisms, including effects on rumen archaea and protozoa, decreased digestibility of diets, and competition for hydrogen for hydrogenation. Methane formation is affected by the degree of saturation, acid chain length, dosage included in the diet, duration of feeding, composition and quality of the main diet. A promising direction is the use of insect fat in the diets of ruminants in order to influence methanogenesis. Despite the study of the issue of using fats in the diet of ruminants in order to reduce methanogenesis, the role of lipids on the process of methane formation with different compositions of diets, information on the influence of some fats in in vivo experiments, and the need for a more in-depth study of the mechanisms of influence of strategies on the productivity and health of animals remain poorly understood.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.