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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">unoj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Успехи наук о животных</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ernst Journal of Animal Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-493Х</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25687/3034-493X.2025.4.3.005</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">unoj-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Зоотехния и ветеринария</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Animal and Veterinary Science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные методы исследования ферментации в рубце in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern in vitro rumen fermentation research method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленченкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenchenkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боголюбова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogolyubova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зеленченкова А.А., Боголюбова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зеленченкова А.А., Боголюбова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zelenchenkova A.A., Bogolyubova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/23">https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/23</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучение ферментативных процессов, происходящих в рубце, представляет собой биотехнологический инструмент, позволяющим в краткосрочной перспективе понять физиологические аспекты жвачных животных, связанные с современными проблемами, такими как поиск новых источников питания, минимизация выбросов парниковых газов, образующихся при ферментации. Тип ферментации в рубце определяет то состояние процесса, при котором водород (Н2) становится доступным для анаэробного брожения и включается в компоненты, используемые животным, или теряется с метаном (CH4). Несмотря на то, что методы in vivo являются золотым стандартом в определении газообразования в рубце, они не способны объяснить кинетику выработки ферментативных газов, в том числе метана. Цель статьи — описать основные ферментативные процессы в рубце жвачных животных и современные in vitro системы их регистрации. В обзоре также рассматриваются передовые, полностью автоматизированные устройства для определения газов методом in vitro в режиме реального времени, что является технологически ценным инструментом для оценки качества кормов и выбросов газообразных веществ, в том числе метана в исследованиях питания жвачных животных, и дается краткая характеристика современных ферментативных систем in vitro как зарубежных, так и отечественных разработок. По мере роста общественного интереса к благополучию животных научные исследования все больше сосредотачиваются на разработке менее инвазивных методов, таких как методы in vitro, для точного измерения выработки метана жвачными животными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Knowledge of ruminal enzymatic processes is a biotechnological tool that can short-term understand the physiological aspects of ruminants related to current issues such as the search for new feed sources, as well as the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions generated by fermentation. The type of fermentation in the rumen determines the state of the process where hydrogen (H2) either becomes available for anaerobic fermentation and is incorporated into components used by the animal, or is lost as methane (CH4). Although in vivo methods are the gold standard for determining ruminal gas production, they are unable to explain the kinetics of enzymatic gas production, including methane. The aim of this article is to outline the main enzymatic processes in the rumen of ruminants and modern in vitro systems for their registration. This review provides a brief description of ruminal enzymatic processes and simultaneously examines advanced, fully automated devices for in vitro gas determination in real-time, which is a technologically valuable tool for assessing feed quality and evaluating gaseous emissions, including methane, in ruminant nutrition studies, and a brief characterization of modern in vitro enzymatic systems, both foreign and domestic developments. As public interest in animal welfare grows, scientific research increasingly focuses on developing less invasive methods, such as in vitro methods, for accurately measuring methane production by ruminants.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рубец</kwd><kwd>ферментация</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd><kwd>жвачные</kwd><kwd>кинетика метана</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rumen</kwd><kwd>fermentation</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd><kwd>ruminants</kwd><kwd>methane kinetics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации национального проекта «Наука и университеты» (ГЗ FGGN-2025-0006).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeoman C.J., White B.A. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota and probiotics in production animals // Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2014. Vol. 2. P. 469 – 486. 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