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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">unoj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Успехи наук о животных</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ernst Journal of Animal Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-493Х</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25687/3034-493X.2025.5.4.003</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">unoj-31</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аспекты изучения доместикации и селекции пород кур</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Aspects of studying domestication and selection of chicken breeds</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азовцева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azovtseva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дементьева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dementieva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денискова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deniskova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ВНИИГРЖ - филиал ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Farm Animal Breeding, Branch of L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рябова А.Е., Азовцева А.И., Дементьева Н.В., Денискова Т.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рябова А.Е., Азовцева А.И., Дементьева Н.В., Денискова Т.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryabova A.E., Azovtseva A.I., Dementieva N.V., Deniskova T.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/31">https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/31</self-uri><abstract><p>Современные исследования генетического разнообразия домашних кур (Gallus gallus domesticus) имеют ключевое значение для понимания процессов доместикации и селекции пород кур для сохранения генетического разнообразия вида. В обзоре рассмотрены современные молекулярные подходы к изучению доместикации и селекции сельскохозяйственных пород кур, основанные на анализе генетического разнообразия с помощью анонимных и микросателлитных маркеров, а также изменчивости однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов в ядерном и митохондриальном геноме. Особое внимание уделено применению молекулярно-генетических подходов, включая использование современных методов оценки биоразнообразия с помощью биоинформационного статистического анализа данных, таких как расчет пробегов гомозиготности (ROH), кластерный анализ (Admixture), анализ главных компонент (РСА) и построение филогенетического дерева. Также рассмотрены методы анализа однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (SNP), используемые для выявления структуры популяций и уровня внутривидовой изменчивости у кур различных пород. Сведения о генетическом разнообразии и особенностях генома кур, полученные благодаря этим подходам, позволят оптимизировать программы селекции и сформировать основу стратегии сохранения уникальных генетических ресурсов в области птицеводства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern research on the genetic diversity of domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) is key to understanding the processes of domestication and selection in poultry breeds for preserving the genetic diversity of the species. The review examined modern molecular approaches to study domestication and selective breeding of chickens based on the analysis of genetic diversity using anonymous and microsatellite markers, as well as the variability of single nucleotide polymorphisms in nuclear and mitochondrial genome. Special attention is given to the application of molecular-genetic approaches used to identify population structure and to address the level of intraspecific variability in chickens of different breeds. In addition, this review summarizes modern methods for statistical processing of bioinformatic data, such as the runs of homozygosity (ROH), cluster analysis (Admixture), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic tree construction and other methods of analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for biodiversity assessment. Knowledge of the genetic diversity and characteristics of the chicken genome obtained through these approaches will optimize breeding programs and create the base for a strategy to conserve unique poultry genetic resources.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доместикация</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>кластерный анализ Admixture</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>domestication</kwd><kwd>selection</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>Admixture cluster analysis</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zinovieva N.A., Deniskova T.E., Kharzinova V.R., Bagirov V.A., Romanov M.N., Volkova V.V., Grishina D.S., Abdelmanova A.S., Gusev I.V., Shchukin I.M., Trukhachev V.I., Boronetskaya O.I. 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