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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">unoj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Успехи наук о животных</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ernst Journal of Animal Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-493Х</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25687/3034-493X.2026.7.2.001</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">unoj-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение микросателлитного анализа для генетических исследований осетровых рыб</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Microsatellite markers in sturgeon aquaculture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никипелова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikipelova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бардуков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bardukov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доцев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dotsev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никипелов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikipelov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никипелова А.К., Бардуков Н.В., Доцев А.В., Никипелов В.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никипелова А.К., Бардуков Н.В., Доцев А.В., Никипелов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikipelova A.K., Bardukov N.V., Dotsev A.V., Nikipelov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/40">https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/40</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящий обзор посвящен систематизации данных о применении микросателлитных (STR) маркеров в осетроводстве. Рассмотрены структура, классификация и механизмы возникновения полиморфизма микросателлитных локусов, а также факторы, влияющие на их изменчивость. Обсуждается, что распределение различных классов микросателлитов в геномах рыб носит видоспецифичный характер, что необходимо учитывать при кросс-видовой амплификации праймеров. Особое внимание уделено двум уникальным характеристикам геномов осетровых. Вопервых, полиплоидии: виды с ~120 хромосомами являются функциональными диплоидами, с ~250 функциональными тетраплоидами, с ~370 гексаплоидами. Процесс диплоидизации носит незавершенный характер, что требует учета количественного соотношения аллелей и валидации типа наследования каждого локуса. Во-вторых, крайне низкой скорости молекулярной эволюции, которая обеспечивает высокую эффективность кросс-видовой амплификации, но затрудняет дифференциацию близкородственных видов. Систематизированы основные направления применения STR-маркеров: контроль генетического разнообразия природных популяций, управление генетическим разнообразием в аквакультуре, идентификация гибридов, установление достоверности происхождения, изучение плоидности и процессов диплоидизации. Приведены примеры успешного использования микросателлитов в исследованиях отечественных и зарубежных авторов, включая разработку мультиплексных панелей и статистических подходов с учетом дозы аллелей для полиплоидных видов. Микросателлитные маркеры являются надежным средством популяционно-генетического анализа, селекционно-племенной работы и сохранения генетических ресурсов осетровых. Перспективными направлениями остаются разработка новых мультиплексных панелей для тетраплоидных видов и интеграция STR-анализа с современными геномными технологиями. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review systematizes data on the use of microsatellite (STR) markers in sturgeon farming. The structure, classification, and mechanisms underlying polymorphism of microsatellite loci, as well as the factors affecting their variability, are considered. It is discussed that the distribution of various classes of microsatellites in fish genomes is species-specific, which must be taken into account during cross-species primer amplification. Particular attention is paid to two unique characteristics of sturgeon genomes. First, polyploidy: species with ~120 chromosomes are functional diploids, those with ~250 are functional tetraploids, and those with ~370 are hexaploids. The diploidization process is incomplete, requiring consideration of the quantitative ratio of alleles and validation of the inheritance mode for each locus. Secondly, the extremely low rate of molecular evolution ensures high efficiency of cross-species amplification but complicates the differentiation of closely related species. The main applications of STR markers are systematized: monitoring the genetic diversity of natural populations, managing genetic diversity in aquaculture, identifying hybrids, establishing the authenticity of origin, and studying ploidy and diploidization processes. Examples of the successful use of microsatellites in studies conducted by domestic and international researchers are provided, including the development of multiplex panels and statistical approaches accounting for allele dosage in polyploid species. Microsatellite markers are a reliable tool for population genetic analysis, selection and breeding, and the conservation of sturgeon genetic resources. Promising areas remain the development of new multiplex panels for tetraploid species and the integration of STR analysis with modern genomic technologies. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микросателлиты</kwd><kwd>STR-маркеры</kwd><kwd>осетровые</kwd><kwd>Acipenseridae</kwd><kwd>полиплоидия</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>инбридинг</kwd><kwd>гибридизация</kwd><kwd>диплоидизация</kwd><kwd>аквакультура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microsatellites</kwd><kwd>STR markers</kwd><kwd>sturgeons</kwd><kwd>Acipenseridae</kwd><kwd>polyploidy</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>inbreeding</kwd><kwd>hybridization</kwd><kwd>diploidisation</kwd><kwd>aquaculture</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bemis W.E., Birstein V.J., Waldman J.R. 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