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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">unoj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Успехи наук о животных</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ernst Journal of Animal Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-493Х</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25687/3034-493X.2026.7.2.005</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">unoj-44</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Общие вопросы изучения катионно-анионного баланса в рационах молочных коров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General issues of studying the cation-anion balance in the diets of dairy cows</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новгородова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novgorodova</surname><given-names>I. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логвинова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Logvinova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новгородова И.П., Логвинова Т.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новгородова И.П., Логвинова Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novgorodova I.Р., Logvinova T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/44">https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/44</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлен анализ литературных данных по изучению катионно-анионного баланса (КАБ) в рационах коров. Исследования, связанные с влиянием различных рационов на состояние и продуктивность коров является актуальной. Показатель КАБ определяет соотношение в кормах некоторых ионов, к основным из которых относятся натрий (Na+), калий (K+), хлориды (Cl−) и сульфаты (SO4−). При составлении рационов необходимо проводить оценку содержания в них макрои микроминералов. Очень важным критерием в животноводческих хозяйствах является проведение специалистами по кормлению лабораторного анализа рационов с целью отнесения их к щелочным или кислотным в определенный физиологический период животного (сухостойный период, отел, лактация). Многочисленные исследования, проведенные учеными, свидетельствуют о целесообразности использования рационов с разным составом в зависимости от физиологического состояния, времени года, климата и т.д. Рационы с более высоким катионно-анионным составом помогает устранять проблемы, возникающие в переходный период такие как смещение сычуга, сокращение жвачной активности, раздражение стенок рубца и снижение потребления корма, понижение показателей жира молока. В начале лактации коровам необходимо скармливать буферные вещества для оптимальной работы рубца и повышения КАБ. При скармливании этих веществ поднимается уровень КАБ, способствующий нейтрализации ацидоза и сопутствующих ему проблем. Отмечено положительное влияние КАБ на молочную продуктивность у коров. Таким образом, регулирование катионно-анионного баланса в зависимости от физиологического состояния животного необходимо учитывать для повышения эффективности животноводства и оптимизации процессов кормления. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents an analysis of the literature data on the study of cation-anion balance (CAB) in the diets of cows. Research related to the influence of different diets on the condition and productivity of cows is relevant. The CAB indicator determines the ratio of certain ions in the feed, the main ones being sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chlorides (Cl−), and sulfates (SO4−). When compiling rations, it is necessary to assess the content of macroand micronutrients in them. A very important criterion in livestock farms is the conduct of laboratory analysis of diets by feeding specialists in order to classify them as alkaline or acidic in a certain physiological period of the animal (dry period, calving, lactation). Numerous studies conducted by scientists indicate the advisability of using diets with different compositions depending on the physiological state, season, climate, etc. Diets with a higher cationic-anionic composition help to eliminate problems that arise during the transition period such as rennet displacement, reduction of ruminant activity, irritation of the scar walls and a decrease in feed consumption, and a decrease in milk fat indicators. At the beginning of lactation, cows need to be fed buffer substances for optimal rumen function and increased CAB. Feeding buffer substances increases the level of CAB, which helps to neutralize acidosis and related problems. CAB has been shown to have a positive effect on milk production in cows. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the regulation of the cation-anion balance depending on the physiological state of the animal in order to improve the efficiency of animal husbandry and optimize feeding processes. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd><kwd>коровы</kwd><kwd>рацион</kwd><kwd>катионно-анионный баланс (КАБ)</kwd><kwd>ацидоз</kwd><kwd>гипокальциемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cattle</kwd><kwd>cows</kwd><kwd>dietary</kwd><kwd>cation-anion balance (DCAB)</kwd><kwd>acidosis</kwd><kwd>hypocalcemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Callaway T.R., Edrington T.S., Anderson R.C., Nisbet D.J. Efficiency of the use of pre and probiotics for dairy cows // 3rd International Symposium of Dairy Cattle. 2019. 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