References

unoj

Успехи наук о животных

Ernst Journal of Animal Science

3034-493Х

Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста

10.25687/3034-493X.2025.2.1.001

unoj-9

Research Article

Статьи

Молекулярно-генетические механизмы образования скорлупы у кур

Molecular and genetic mechanisms of egg shell formation

Костюнина

О. В.

Kostyunina

O. V.

Московская обл.

Moscow Region

Романенкова

О. С.

Romanenkova

O. S.

Московская обл.

Moscow Region

Алейникова

О. В.

Aleynikova

O. V.

Московская обл.

Moscow Region

ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. ЭрнстаL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry

2025

29072025

01415

2025

Костюнина О.В., Романенкова О.С., Алейникова О.В.

Kostyunina O.V., Romanenkova O.S., Aleynikova O.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.ernstjournal.ru/jour/article/view/9

Яйца являются одним из наиболее востребованных источников доступного животного белка. Качество яичной скорлупы представляет особенный биологический интерес и имеет экономическое значение для птицеводства. Огромные потери, вызванные ухудшением качества яичной скорлупы, стали актуальной проблемой при производстве племенного и пищевого яйца. Ухудшение качества яичной скорлупы обуславливает риск заболеваний пищевого происхождения у потребителей. В обзоре представлен анализ литературных данных о молекулярно-генетических механизмах образования яичной скорлупы. Транскриптомный анализ скорлуповой железы у различающихся по возрасту кур-несушек показал дифференциальную экпрессию генов FGF14, COL25A1, GPX8 и GRXCR1. Анализ функциональных аннотаций показал их участие в процессах, связанных с кальцификацией и кутикуляризацией яичной скорлупы. Исследование транскриптома 49-недельных кур, разделенных на группы в зависимости от качества яичной скорлупы, показало, что ген KRT14 являлся одним из генов с наибольшей разницей между группами с прочной и хрупкой яичной скорлупой. После сверхэкспрессии KRT14 в эпителиальных клетках матки экспрессия OC-116, CALB1 и BST1 значительно увеличивается, в то время как экспрессия OC-17 значительно снижается. Сравнение дифференциально экспрессируемых генов в двух независимых исследованиях, выполненных на курах с различными признаками качества скорлупы, показало наличие 16 генов, экспрессия которых носила схожий характер. Идентифицированные гены участвуют в различных биологических процессах и выполняют разнообразные функции. Так, кодируемый геном TTYH3 белок функционирует как кальций(2+)-активируемый хлорид(-) канал большой проводимости. Ген ITPKA регулирует метаболизм инозитолфосфата, являющегося субстратом для циклической АМФ-зависимой протеинкиназы, кальций/кальмодулин-зависимой протеинкиназы II и протеинкиназы C in vitro. ITPKA один из генов, которые связывают с крапинками яичной скорлупы. Таким образом, выполненный анализ литературных данных показал, что молекулярно-генетические механизмы образования яичной скорлупы сложны и до конца не изучены. Проведенные исследования демонстрируют роль дифференциально-экспрессируемых генов в различных процессах, в том числе потенциальное их участие в процессе кальцификации.

Eggs are one of the most sought-after sources of available animal protein. Eggshell quality is of particular biological interest and economic importance to the poultry industry. Huge losses caused by eggshell quality deterioration have become an urgent problem in the production of breeding and food eggs. Deterioration of eggshell quality causes the risk of foodborne diseases in consumers. This review analyzes the literature data on molecular and genetic mechanisms of eggshell formation. Transcriptome analysis of the eggshell gland in laying hens differing in age showed differential expression of FGF14, COL25A1, GPX8 and GRXCR1 genes. Functional annotation analysis showed their involvement in processes related to eggshell calcification and cuticularization. Examination of the transcriptome of 49-week-old hens divided into groups according to eggshell quality showed that the KRT14 gene was one of the genes with the largest difference between groups with strong and fragile eggshells. Following KRT14 overexpression in uterine epithelial cells, the expression of OC-116, CALB1 and BST1 increases significantly, while OC-17 expression decreases significantly. Comparison of differentially expressed genes in two independent studies performed on chickens with different shell quality traits revealed 16 genes whose expression patterns were similar. The identified genes are involved in various biological processes and perform a variety of functions. Thus, the protein encoded by the TTYH3 gene functions as a calcium(2+)-activated chloride(-) channel of large conductance. The ITPKA gene regulates the metabolism of inositol phosphate, which is a substrate for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and protein kinase C in vitro. ITPKA is one of the genes that bind to eggshell speckles. Thus, the performed analysis of literature data showed that molecular genetic mechanisms of eggshell formation are complex and not fully understood. The studies demonstrate the role of differentially expressed genes in various processes, including their potential participation in the calcification process.

курыяйцоскорлупаэкспрессияген

chickenseggshellexpressiongene

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.